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The rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe is most closely associated with the aftermath of World War II. Following the war, a number of countries experienced significant political and social upheaval, which allowed for the emergence of totalitarian states. The catastrophic consequences of the war, such as economic instability, societal disruption, and ideological extremes, created fertile ground for authoritarian leadership.

In several European nations, political leaders seized the opportunity to establish regimes based on strict control and centralized authority, often leveraging nationalistic sentiments and fears stemming from the war and its consequences. This period saw the rise of regimes such as Stalin's Soviet Union and fascist movements in various countries, driven by societal desires for stability and a return to power.

While World War I did contribute to significant political changes and unrest, it was the events surrounding World War II, including the fall of democracies and the rise of fascism, that directly led to the establishment and consolidation of totalitarian regimes across Europe in the mid-20th century. The devastation and ideological battles of World War II became a catalyst for these authoritarian governments.